Splitting in vertical pattern of the nail plate layers at the free end of the nail. Usually, nail splitting is accepted as a consequence of aging process. The finger and toe nails are made up of proteins and thickness and strength of nails are varying in quality with different nails and it also depends upon the genetic properties we inherit. In brittle nails that breaking of protein layers occurs. This causes brittle nails. Brittle nails not only easily breaking but it also show the signs of easily peeling at the free end and inability to grow and nails out. Extreme dryness of the nails causes this condition and mainly it is because of the genetic inheritance. Age factor plays an important roll and in the older age that nails of finger and toe become brittle. As age grows, the protectant like oil and moisture is greatly reduced and this holds the nail layers together.  Exposure to water for a long time causes loosening of the plate layers and it separates the layers easily.

Those who are prone to brittle nails should always limit the exposure to water and heat and thereby may avoid excess moisture and dryness. House hold chemicals such as cleaning soaps and bathing soaps may also cause this condition.

Diagnosis of this condition is not a complex one and this is seen by continuous splitting of nails. Underlying causes like hypothyroidism to be distinguished with other hypothyroid symptoms.

Brittle nails are mostly having no life threatening effects and always it is unrecognized in all cases. It is also not contagious and does not spread to others. It also has no significant “long term effect”.

Moisturizers are often prescribed and continuous use of this is having valuable effect in treating this condition. Several vitamins and minerals are widely used but it does not have any proven effect so far.